[
  {
    "id": "alastin",
    "brand": "ALASTIN",
    "name": "HA IMMERSE Serum",
    "price": 134,
    "ml": 29.6,
    "source": "https://alastin.com/products/ha-immerse-serum",
    "ha": "Sodium hyaluronate + crosslinked sodium hyaluronate",
    "concentration": "Not disclosed",
    "support": "Glycerin, dimethicone, sugar humectants, Octapeptide-45",
    "texture": "Lightweight serum; pump",
    "strength": "A hydration blend with both water-binding ingredients and a silicone base. Worth considering if you want a pump rather than a dropper.",
    "limit": "The peptide and HA-boosting claims do not establish superiority over the other serums.",
    "evidence": "Brand-associated open-label research; no head-to-head comparison.",
    "studies": [
      "ha-molecular-weight",
      "glycerin-hydration",
      "alastin-clinical-study"
    ],
    "imageSource": "http://alastin.com/cdn/shop/files/HA_Immerse_Shadow_1024x1024.png?v=1765340815",
    "checked": "2026-11-02",
    "currency": "USD",
    "image": "/img/serums/alastin-ha-immerse-serum-hyaluronic-acid-serum.webp",
    "imageAlt": "ALASTIN HA IMMERSE Serum — hyaluronic acid serum"
  },
  {
    "id": "sturm",
    "brand": "Dr. Barbara Sturm",
    "name": "Hyaluronic Serum",
    "price": 325,
    "ml": 30,
    "source": "https://www.drsturm.com/hyaluronic-serum/",
    "ha": "Sodium hyaluronate; brand describes multiple molecular sizes",
    "concentration": "Not disclosed",
    "support": "Butylene glycol, fermented purslane extract",
    "texture": "Serum; dropper",
    "strength": "A short published ingredient list makes this an option for readers who prefer a less complex formula.",
    "limit": "The luxury price does not establish better hydration. We did not identify a controlled trial of the exact current formula in this review.",
    "evidence": "Ingredient-level HA evidence; exact-formula controlled evidence not established here.",
    "studies": [
      "ha-molecular-weight"
    ],
    "imageSource": "https://cdn11.bigcommerce.com/s-ww3msiylzo/images/stencil/1280x1280/products/145/11179/NEW_HA_1_1__56825.1791513843.jpg?c=1",
    "checked": "2026-11-02",
    "currency": "USD",
    "image": "/img/serums/dr-barbara-sturm-hyaluronic-serum-hyaluronic-acid-serum.webp",
    "imageAlt": "Dr. Barbara Sturm Hyaluronic Serum — hyaluronic acid serum"
  },
  {
    "id": "isdin",
    "brand": "ISDIN",
    "name": "Hyaluronic Concentrate",
    "price": 115,
    "ml": 30,
    "source": "https://www.isdin.com/us/p/hyaluronic-concentrate/3805",
    "ha": "Low- and medium-molecular-weight HA, according to brand",
    "concentration": "Not disclosed",
    "support": "BioMarine extract, peptides, lentil extract",
    "texture": "Water-gel; pump; satin finish",
    "strength": "The water-gel format and pump may appeal if you want a lightweight step under moisturiser.",
    "limit": "The brand’s reported user-perception results are data on file, not a published head-to-head trial. Molecular weights in kDa are not supplied on the checked page.",
    "evidence": "Brand user-perception claims plus ingredient-level HA evidence.",
    "studies": [
      "ha-molecular-weight"
    ],
    "imageSource": "https://dam.isdin.com/transform/eb2bae50-fd24-43fa-ae82-17a1cee52610/US_3805_TH_ISDINCEUTICSHYALURONICCONCENTRATE30ML_MAIN_IMAGE_0",
    "checked": "2026-11-02",
    "currency": "USD",
    "image": "/img/serums/isdin-hyaluronic-concentrate-hyaluronic-acid-serum.webp",
    "imageAlt": "ISDIN Hyaluronic Concentrate — hyaluronic acid serum"
  },
  {
    "id": "pca",
    "brand": "PCA SKIN",
    "name": "Hyaluronic Acid Boosting Serum",
    "price": 128,
    "ml": 30,
    "source": "https://pcaskin.com/products/hyaluronic-acid-boosting-serum",
    "ha": "Hyaluronic acid, hydrolyzed HA, sodium hyaluronate",
    "concentration": "HA and niacinamide percentages not disclosed",
    "support": "Glycerin, dimethicone, niacinamide, ceramides NP/AP/EOP",
    "texture": "Serum; pump",
    "strength": "A broader hydration formula that includes niacinamide and barrier lipids alongside HA.",
    "limit": "The page’s 50% HA increase is based on laboratory data. Its ingredient list also includes aroma and rosemary oil. The niacinamide percentage cannot be assumed to match a 5% trial.",
    "evidence": "Six-week serum study with 40 women; no vehicle-control group described in abstract.",
    "studies": [
      "pca-serum-trial",
      "niacinamide-trial",
      "glycerin-hydration",
      "ha-molecular-weight"
    ],
    "imageSource": "https://cdn.shopify.com/s/files/1/0723/3060/8928/files/HABS_1oz_3oz_3c52fa9c-6203-4f7e-b507-2a755b00a168.png?v=1792447179",
    "checked": "2026-11-02",
    "currency": "USD",
    "image": "/img/serums/pca-skin-hyaluronic-acid-boosting-serum-hyaluronic-acid-serum.webp",
    "imageAlt": "PCA SKIN Hyaluronic Acid Boosting Serum — hyaluronic acid serum"
  },
  {
    "id": "skinceuticals",
    "brand": "SkinCeuticals",
    "name": "H.A. Intensifier Multi-Glycan",
    "price": 120,
    "ml": 30,
    "source": "https://www.skinceuticals.com/skincare/hyaluronic-acid-serums/hyaluronic-acid-intensifier-multi-glycan/S122.html",
    "ha": "Brand states 1.3% hyaluronic acid",
    "concentration": "1.3% HA; 12% Proxylane; 2% ferment, brand figures",
    "support": "Proxylane, soybean ferment, licorice and purple rice extracts",
    "texture": "Gel-serum; dropper",
    "strength": "The clearest headline concentration disclosure in this selection, useful if you want to know the stated HA percentage.",
    "limit": "A larger stated percentage is not proof of stronger results. Claims about skin HA levels and facial volume remain manufacturer claims, not a comparison with these four alternatives.",
    "evidence": "Manufacturer formula claims; generic HA studies cannot validate every claim.",
    "studies": [
      "ha-molecular-weight"
    ],
    "imageSource": "https://www.skinceuticals.com/dw/image/v2/AANG_PRD/on/demandware.static/-/Sites-acd-skinceuticals-master-catalog/default/dw1b7e2ad1/pdpimages/S122/HAI_MultiGlycan_2000x2000v2.webp?q=70&sfrm=jpg&sw=700",
    "checked": "2026-11-02",
    "currency": "USD",
    "image": "/img/serums/skinceuticals-h-a-intensifier-multi-glycan-hyaluronic-acid-serum.webp",
    "imageAlt": "SkinCeuticals H.A. Intensifier Multi-Glycan — hyaluronic acid serum"
  }
]