Read the study.
Then read the label.
Five papers, with the ingredients, methods and limits kept in view.
2011 · PMID 22052267
Does the size of hyaluronic acid matter?
Molecular size can matter, but this does not prove that the smallest HA is always best.
2001 · PMID 18498456Why glycerin deserves a place beside HA
Hydration and barrier repair are different outcomes.
2005 · PMID 16029679What niacinamide adds to the conversation
PCA SKIN lists niacinamide, but does not disclose its percentage on the checked page.
2021 · PMID 34176098A six-week serum study: promising, with limits
No randomised vehicle-control group is described in the abstract.
2022 · PMID 35833366HA and peptides: reading an open-label study
This was open-label, without a vehicle-control comparison described in the abstract.